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15CrMo boiler tube
**15CrMo Boiler Tube Overview**
The **15CrMo boiler tube** is a type of high-quality carbon structural steel that incorporates one or more alloying elements to enhance its mechanical properties, toughness, and hardenability. These steels typically undergo heat treatment processes such as normalizing or quenching and tempering. Components made from this material often require additional treatments like quenching and tempering, surface chemical treatments (such as carburizing or nitriding), or surface hardening methods like induction or high-frequency hardening.
Based on its chemical composition, heat treatment process, and application, 15CrMo steel can be broadly categorized into three types: **carburizing**, **quenching and tempering**, and **nitriding**. Each category is designed for specific performance requirements in industrial applications.
**Classification of High-Pressure Boiler Tubes:**
1. **High-quality carbon structural steel grades** include 20G, 20MnG, and 25MnG.
2. **Alloy structural steel grades** include 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, and others.
3. **Rust and heat-resistant stainless steel grades**, such as 1Cr18Ni9 and 1Cr18Ni11Nb, must pass hydrostatic, flaring, and flattening tests in addition to meeting chemical and mechanical property standards. These tubes are usually delivered in a heat-treated condition.
In addition to chemical and mechanical properties, the finished steel pipe must meet certain microstructure, grain size, and decarburization layer requirements to ensure quality and durability.
**Specifications and Appearance Quality:**
According to GB5310-95, seamless steel tubes for high-pressure boilers have an outer diameter ranging from 22–530 mm and wall thicknesses from 20–70 mm. Cold-drawn or cold-rolled tubes have smaller dimensions, with outer diameters from 10–108 mm and wall thicknesses from 2.0–13.0 mm.
**Hydrogen Purification Principle Using 15CrMo Boiler Tube:**
At temperatures between 300–500°C, hydrogen gas passes through one side of the 15CrMo boiler tube. The hydrogen is adsorbed on the inner surface due to the unique electronic structure of palladium, which has a 4d electron layer missing two electrons. This allows it to form unstable bonds with hydrogen, a reversible reaction. Under the influence of palladium, hydrogen becomes ionized into protons with a radius of 1.5 × 10â»Â¹âµ m. Given the lattice constant of palladium is 3.88 × 10â»Â¹â° m at 20°C, these protons can recombine with electrons through the 15CrMo tube to form pure hydrogen molecules, which then escape from the other side. Since non-dissociated gases cannot permeate the surface, the 15CrMo tube is effective in producing high-purity hydrogen.
**Representation of 15CrMo Boiler Tube:**
1. The first two digits in the steel grade indicate the average carbon content, expressed in ten-thousandths. For example, "40Cr" means 0.40% carbon.
2. Main alloying elements are indicated by their symbols, with percentages shown when necessary. If the content is less than 1.5%, only the symbol is used. If there's potential for confusion, a "1" may be added, such as in "12CrMoV" vs. "12Cr1MoV."
3. Microalloying elements like vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), boron (B), and rare earths (RE) are always included in the grade, even at low concentrations.
4. High-quality steel should end with an "A" to distinguish it from standard grades.
5. Special-purpose alloy steels may have a prefix or suffix indicating their intended use, such as "ML30CrMnSi" for rivet screw steel.
**Distinction Between Alloy Pipes and Seamless Pipes:**
Although both terms are related, they refer to different classifications. **Alloy pipes** are defined by their material composition, meaning they are made from alloyed steel. **Seamless pipes**, on the other hand, refer to the manufacturing process—pipes without seams. In contrast, **seamed pipes** include straight-seam and spiral-welded pipes. It’s important not to confuse the two, as they serve different purposes.
**Weight Calculation Formula for 15CrMo Boiler Tube:**
To calculate the weight per meter of a 15CrMo boiler tube:
$$
\text{Weight (kg/m)} = [(OD - t) \times t] \times 0.02466
$$
Where:
- OD = Outer Diameter (mm)
- t = Wall Thickness (mm)
This formula provides a quick and accurate way to estimate the weight of the tube based on its dimensions.
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