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1 Mandatory certification of automotive products
At present, the overseas automobile recall system and mandatory product certification for vehicle products have been implemented in China. The compulsory certification of automobile safety products also began to expand the scope of certified products at the end of 2005. Domestic vehicles and safety components must meet mandatory certification laws and regulations. Claim. The implementation of the compulsory product certification system by domestic auto companies has completely integrated with the international auto industry management model. Automobile companies must meet the following basic characteristics to effectively implement compulsory product certification:
(1) Purpose. Before the certification product is put into operation, it must consider meeting the safety-related laws and regulations, and implement the mandatory product certification to achieve the purpose of improving product quality, reducing production costs and achieving customer satisfaction.
(2) Basicity. The compulsory certification of automotive products must be based on the controlled process. The compulsory certification of automotive products is not only the management basis for enterprises (people, machines, materials, laws, rings, inspections), but also the guarantee basis for product elements (variety, quality, and cost).
(3) integrity. The implementation of mandatory certification of automotive products should be an overall system from input to output, while the overall system refers to the integrity of goals, planning and management. Enterprises should implement compulsory product certification from the entire system that reduces the risk of new product production.
(4) Continuity. Automobile companies can only achieve the goal of continuously improving product safety only through constant implementation of mandatory certification standards and continuous improvement.
2 Planning of Compulsory Certification of Automobile Products
2.1 Fully familiar with relevant laws and regulations
At present, although Japan, France, the United States, and Germany have different methods for the compulsory certification of automobile safety parts, the ideas and specific contents of the compulsory certification are never changed, and they are all based on the requirements of relevant product compulsory certification laws and regulations. Compared with advanced countries, China's auto safety and reliability level is still quite low. At present, the mandatory certification of domestic vehicle products has been going on for 3 years. According to the analysis, the main reasons for the failure of mandatory certification for complete vehicle products are: the certification companies are not familiar with the legal and regulatory requirements for the compulsory certification of related products; they fail to fully configure the legal and regulatory requirements for compulsory certification products. Corresponding production equipment; failed to determine the appropriate inspection equipment and inspection methods according to the requirements of the compulsory certification laws and regulations. Based on the above analysis, domestic vehicle companies have not implemented mandatory certification in accordance with international and national laws and regulations. With the increasingly fierce competition in the global market, the speed of the update of automobile safety related international and national laws and regulations is accelerating. Domestic auto companies should continue to study relevant domestic and foreign compulsory certification standards and keep pace with the world.
2.2 Effectively integrate enterprise production resources
The product life cycle is a complete process from development, design, manufacture to delivery. On the one hand, the design determines the inherent quality characteristics of the product, such as performance, longevity, safety and reliability; on the other hand, the quality characteristics determined by the design must be ensured by manufacturing. According to the experience of mandatory product certification for complete vehicle companies, the effective integration of enterprise production resources is the basis for compulsory product certification. (1) Systematic analysis of production resources. These system analyses should include the order and quality requirements of the customer's required products, the technical capabilities of the production personnel, the supporting capabilities of the external products, and the equipment and machinery of the enterprise, the production cycle, and the production site. (2) Integrate production organizations with the focus on mandatory certification standards. The focus of mandatory certification standards is product safety performance, based on product manufacturing process quality and finished product quality. (3) Continuous improvement of the production organization as the requirements of the compulsory certification standards increase. Automobile companies can only realize effective integration of their own resources by applying advanced technologies and advanced management methods in their improvement.
2.3 Establish an implementation plan that fully meets the requirements for compulsory certification of related products
In accordance with the requirements concerning safety and reliability of the relevant international automotive products and national laws and regulations, the following must be noted when formulating the implementation plan for compulsory certification of automotive products: (1) Handle the relationship between compulsory certification of automotive products and market development. With the development of economy and the improvement of the people’s living standards, the concept of consumption is changing. Customers pay more attention to the safety, reliability, economy, and convenience of maintenance of automotive products. Automobile companies can only expand the market of automotive products through compulsory certification if they are fully aware of the key points of laws and regulations concerning mandatory certification of related products of enterprises and incorporate these points into the implementation plan for mandatory certification of automotive products. (2) Deal with the relationship between compulsory certification and quality management of automotive products. Customer Satisfaction is the core of enterprise quality management. Automobile companies can only ensure the product quality by following the requirements of users and translating the international and national laws and regulations of compulsory products related to user's attention into product compulsory certification implementation plans. (3) Handle the relationship between mandatory certification of automotive products and product cost. Some auto companies consider excessively reducing costs when considering new product inputs, resulting in insufficient safety of new products. Automobile companies can only ensure the effective implementation of compulsory certification by correctly handling the relationship between product compulsory certification and cost.
3 Implementation of compulsory certification of automotive products
In order to achieve compulsory product certification, auto companies must complete the certification plan and then perform the following tasks.
3.1 Certified Product Production Organization
The automobile company should carry out the following main tasks in response to this central issue: (1) Design of certified product production organizations. Automobile companies must implement an effective production organization. The production organization's various elements are the basis for the implementation of compulsory product certification. Especially when the current level of socialized production is increasing day by day, it is more necessary for enterprises to pass through the process flow and process costs in the production organization. Equipment machinery capabilities, process equipment effectiveness, detection capabilities, and test capabilities are analyzed to achieve the optimal combination of production organization. (2) Small batch trial production of certified products. The small-scale trial production of automobile enterprises is the optimization and combination of various factors, and the rationality and adaptability of the evaluation process documents and equipment are verified through a small batch of trial production to ensure stable quality and low cost in mass production and meet safety and environmental protection requirements. Enterprises must be equipped with production equipment, inspection methods and process documents according to the requirements of mass production. Through small-scale trial production, the integrity and correctness of certified product drawings and process documents shall be identified, and the mechanical capabilities, test equipment accuracy, and key product processes of the certified products shall be judged. Ability to assess whether the quality characteristics of certified products meet the requirements of laws and regulations. (3) Identification of small batches of certified products.
For trial products, product performance tests and dimensional inspections are performed by national accredited laboratories in accordance with relevant regulations to determine whether the products meet the requirements of laws and regulations. Automobile companies can only form a standardized appraisal report in accordance with the requirements, effectively complete a small batch of appraisal and rectification, in order to apply for compulsory product certification.
3.2 Certification Products Commission and Declaration
Automobile manufacturing companies should pay attention to the following points when conducting certification commission and acceptance: (1) Unit division of certified products. The mandatory product certification shall firstly classify the units of the certified products reasonably and communicate with the inspection department and the processing department in a timely manner. Where there is no difference between the same manufacturer, the working principle of the product, the appearance and structure of the assembly, and the corresponding product performance, etc. The product is treated as the same unit. (2) Preparation of data for certified products. Production: product certification commission and declaration of the need to submit the document data description report (including product name and model, product brand, product assembly shape, structure, product performance indicators, product applicable to the vehicle category, etc.), identify the main features of the product Product list, product assembly drawings, and key parts, materials, name, model, specifications, supplier units, and incoming inspection items. It is also necessary to provide the factory profile of the certified company, the product's production scale, production capacity and production history, and a list of key production equipment (main testing equipment such as name, model, specification, quantity, precision, verification period, etc.). At the same time, documents concerning the quality management system documents related to certified products, institutional framework plans and departmental job responsibilities are attached. (3) Test report of certified products. Testing of products in nationally recognized testing laboratories, reporting test reports that meet the requirements. (4) The submitted data also includes the certificate of registration and other documents of the trustor and the factory.
3.3 Certified Product Initial Factory Inspection
After the certification body accepts the auto company's submitted certification data, the applying company should pay attention to the initial factory inspection: (1) Initial factory inspection plan. The examination time is determined according to the number of product units entrusted with certification and the number of products covered, and the factory's production scale is taken into consideration. Generally, each processing site is 2-4 man-days. The content of the review is the factory quality assurance ability review and product consistency check. (2) Factory quality assurance ability review. The basic requirement is to check the products covered by the “manufacturing quality assurance ability requirements of the factory.†It must be noted that the “manufacturing quality assurance requirements for mandatory certification of auto parts†has more special requirements than the whole vehicle standard, and the capability review should cover the application. All processing sites for certified products. (3) Product consistency check. At the time of review, consistency checks shall also be conducted on the commissioned and certified products. The identity (such as name, specification, model, trademark, etc.), structure, and key parts of the certified products shall be consistent with the sample sample and the submitted data. The on-site designated test items shall be Conform to the specified routine inspection or confirmation inspection project. When there is a problem with the consistency check of the product, the rectification within a specified period of time, re-examination, and termination of the processing of this certification shall be made as the case may be. Product consistency check should cover the application for certified products. (4) Evaluation and approval of certification results. The certification body shall be responsible for the comprehensive evaluation of the results of the sampling inspection and the factory inspection. The evaluation shall be issued by the certification body to the client (each certification unit shall issue a certification certificate). The use of the certification certificate shall comply with the "Mandatory Regulations for the Certification of Commodity Products". "The request. Unqualified product samples shall be allowed to be rectified within a time limit, but it shall not exceed 3 months. Upon completion of the rectification, the product will be tested again for retest. If the rectification cannot be completed within the time limit, the results of the rectification will be disqualified and this certification will be terminated.
3.4 Factory supervision and inspection after certified products are certified
Supervision review should pay attention to: (1) frequency of supervision. Under normal circumstances, the first supervision shall be conducted from the 12th month after the certificate is obtained, and shall be conducted at least once a year thereafter. The frequency of supervision may be increased if one of the following situations occurs: The certified product has serious quality problems; the user submits a complaint. After being verified as the responsibility of the certificate holder, the certification body has sufficient reasons to question the conformity of the certified product with the standard requirements of this rule; there is enough information to indicate that the manufacturer, the production plant has changed the organizational structure, production conditions, and the quality management system. Affect product conformity. (2) The content of supervision. The factory quality assurance ability review, certification product consistency check and product sampling inspection, product sampling test results can also be used as a confirmation inspection result, according to the factory quality assurance ability requirements, supervision and review. (3) Product sampling inspection. Samples are randomly selected from the qualified products (including production lines and warehouses) produced in the factory. The number of samples is the same as the number of samples specified in the initial factory inspection. Testing of the extracted samples is performed by the designated testing organization. The sample inspection items are based on the initial factory inspection. Provisions. (4) Evaluation of the results of supervision after certification. If the product itself is found to be inconsistent during the review, the certification shall be suspended or revoked as appropriate, the certification mark shall be discontinued, and the public announcement shall be issued. If the quality assurance ability is inconsistent, corrective measures shall be completed within 3 months. Cancel the certification, stop using the certification mark, and make public announcements.