Graphite anodes have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBS) for the past two decades. Replacement of metal Li with graphite makes LIBS safe and efficient. In fact, the Holy Grail's lithium battery, compared with the standard hydrogen electrode with the lowest negative redox potential, the lithium metal anode exhibited a 3860 mAh higher than the high theoretical specific capacity of -1 and -3.040V. However, the extension of lithium dendrite formation and circulation can pierce the polymer separator, resulting in a short circuit and subsequent thermal runaway of the battery.
Dr. Qiang Zhang explained that dendrites mainly induce two current densities of lithium anodes. The concentration gradient of lithium ions in the electrolyte and electrode interface is unevenly distributed, which results in the dendrite formation and growth being hindered. If the electrolyte and the lithium electrode are between The stability and uniformity of the interface are to be improved, and the traditional strategy of using the electrolyte additives, mixed electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, and protective layers to modify the interface is also required. “
Here, the fibrous Li7B metallic lithium 6 contained in the anode of a new three-dimensional nanostructure proposes a matrix to retard dendrite growth. This nanostructured anode exhibits an unprecedented long cycle life and high Coulomb efficiency beyond the plate lithium metal. Lithium deposition is self-limited on the nanoscale due to the large reduction in the outer foil size of the 6-nanofiber lithium. Therefore, macroscopic lithium dendrites are avoided. This favorable self-limitation is mainly attributed to lithium's limited deposit interest rate. “
The deposition rate of lithium is strongly dependent on the substrate, in which case lithium is gradually grown, and the specific size of the constant inert Li is 6 nanofibers. Once lithium deposition initiates, it continues to grow because the original lithium deposit has a size that maintains a relatively small electric field strength, which facilitates the adsorption and deposition of lithium ions. The size of Lithium deposition increases so that the ability of the matrix to absorb lithium ions will be lower than that of Lithium. Lithium ions will then deposit on the matrix instead of dendrites. Therefore, nanostructured anodes not only reduce the current density per unit area, thereby reducing the growth rate of lithium deposition, but also limit the final size of deposited lithium, which leads to the amorphous morphology of dendrites at the macroscopic scale. Anodes of the structure have other advantages. For example, it also provides enough space to contain the electrolyte, and therefore stable lithium ions, which also favors the dendritic non-attribute concentration.