History of titanium industry development

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British pastor W. 1791 Gregor (Gregor) discovered a new metallic element in the black magnetic iron ore. German chemist M. 1795 H. Klaproth also discovered this element when studying rutile, and named it after the Greek god Titans. American scientist M. 1910 A. Hunter (Hunter) TiCI reduction with sodium first: Preparation of pure titanium. Luxembourg scientist W. 1940 J. Kroll reduces TiCl with magnesium : pure titanium is produced. Since then, the magnesium reduction method (also known as the Claude method) and the sodium reduction method (also known as the Hunter method) have become an industrial method for producing titanium sponge. In the United States in 1948, magnesium reduction method was used to produce 2t titanium sponge, which has since reached the scale of industrial production. Subsequently, the United Kingdom, Japan, the former Soviet Union and China also entered industrial production, the main titanium-producing countries were the former Soviet Union, Japan and the United States.

Titanium is a new metal. It is widely used in industrial production such as aviation, aerospace, chemical, petroleum , metallurgy, light industry, electric power, desalination, ship and daily life equipment because of its excellent characteristics. For modern metal. Metal titanium production has only been half a century since 1948, and it is a new industry that has developed along with the aerospace industry. Its development has experienced several ups and downs, which is due to the fact that titanium is related to the aircraft industry. But in general, the speed of development of titanium is very fast, it exceeds the speed of development of any other non-ferrous metals. This can be seen from the development of the sponge titanium industry in the world: the production scale of titanium sponge is 60 kt/a in the 1960s, 1 lOkt/a in the 1970s, 130 kt/a in the 1980s, and 140 kt/a in 1992. Actual production reached an all-time high in 1990, at 105 kt/a. At present, the world's sponge titanium manufacturers and production capacity are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 World sponge titanium manufacturer and production capacity

country

company name

method

Nominal production capacity /h·a -1

Actual production capacity / kt·a -1

Remarks

United States

Titanium Metallurgy Company (Timet)

Oregon Metallurgical Company (Oremet)

Active metal company

MD

MH

MD

12.7

6.8

(11.0)

10

6

in production

Discontinued in 2001

Closed in 1992

Japan

Sumitomo Titanium

Toho Titanium Corporation

Showa Titanium Corporation

MD

MD

MD

18.0

12.0

3.0

15
10.8
3.0

Former Osaka Titanium (in production) production

shut down

Ukraine

Dnepr Magnesium and Titanium Joint Venture

MD

15. O

in production

Russia

Avisma Magnesium-Titanium Joint Enterprise

MD

35.0

35.0

in production

Kazakhstan

Masjikamennogorsk magnesium-titanium joint venture

MD

40. O

40.0

in production

United Kingdom

Deeside Titanium

SL

5.0

3.0

Closed in 1993

China

Two factories

D

-

-

in production

total

-

155.5

137.8

-

After entering the 1990s, the market was weak in previous years due to the reduction in the amount of military titanium and the sale of stock sponge titanium in some countries such as Russia. In 1995, the market for titanium began to pick up, mainly due to the significant increase in the amount of civilian titanium such as B777 and other civilian aircraft and golf clubs. In 1996, the demand for titanium reached a new high. Experts predict that demand for titanium will continue to grow significantly in the next few years. The main reason that currently hinders the application of titanium is the high price. It can be expected that with the advancement of science and technology and the continuous improvement of titanium production technology, expansion of production capacity and management level, and further reduction of the cost of titanium products, it will inevitably open up a wider market for titanium.

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