Sulfuric acid as an important basic raw material, widely used in chemical, light industry, textile, metallurgy, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. At present, in the chemical industry, sulfuric acid is mainly used for fertilizer production, and its consumption accounts for about 70% of the total consumption. Therefore, the development of the fertilizer industry directly affects the development of the sulfuric acid industry.

I. Production status of China's sulfuric acid industry

At present, there are more than 600 sulfuric acid production enterprises in China, among which small sulfuric acid plants account for about 80%, and the output accounts for about 55% of the total output. The production technology, equipment and environmental protection technologies are relatively backward, raw materials are consumed, and equipment efficiency is low. Environmental pollution is relatively serious, and economic benefits are relatively poor. Compared with large enterprises, there is still a considerable gap, which seriously affects the market competitiveness of these enterprises.

The sulfuric acid production route includes sulphuric acid, flue gas sulphur, pyrite sulphuric acid and gypsum acid. China's production of sulfuric acid over the years has been based on sulfur iron ore as the main raw material. Foreign countries basically use sulfur as raw material for production. Compared with pyrite-based acid, sulphur-based sulphuric acid has certain advantages in environmental protection, production costs, and production operations. In recent years, the development of sulfuric acid production in China has also been relatively fast. In 1995, the proportion of pyrite-based acid was about 80%. In 1998, the proportion of pyrite-based acid was about 60%. By 2001, the proportion dropped to about 40%. At the same time, the proportion of sulfuric acid production increased from about 1.5% in 1995 to about 30% in 2001, and the sulfuric acid industry developed at a faster rate. This is mainly due to the low price of imported sulfur and the tight domestic pyrite resources, which restrict the development of pyrite-based acid production.

The main production of sulfuric acid enterprises: Shandong Province Lubei Enterprise Group Corporation, Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group, Jiangxi Copper Company, Huludao Zinc Plant, Tongling Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Suzhou Fine Chemicals Group Co., Ltd., Long Mianzhu Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan Hong Phosphorus Chemical Co., Ltd., Shandong Hongri Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan Sanhuan Chemical Co., Ltd. (Yunnan Phosphate Fertilizer Plant), Jinchuan Group Corporation, Sinopec Group Nanjing Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Yunnan Copper Co., Ltd., white silver Nonferrous Metals company, Western Guizhou fertilizer Co., Ltd., Daye Nonferrous Metals company, Shenzhen Lingnan Shaoguan smelter joint-stock company, Hubei Huangmailing phosphorus Chemical industry Group company, Hunan Zhuzhou Chemical industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuling Chemical Co., Ltd., Guizhou Kaifeng (Group) Co., Ltd., Yunnan Yunfeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sichuan Shiyifeng Industrial Corporation, Luxi Chemical Group Corporation Yanggu Chemical Plant, Sichuan Hongda Group Co., Ltd. Liaocheng Luxi Fertilizer Plant, Hubei Xiangyunji Group company, Shandong Liaocheng Luxi Chemical Group Corporation East A Phosphate Fertilizer Branch.

In recent years, China's sulfuric acid industry has developed rapidly. The annual output of sulfuric acid has grown from 16.845 million tons (100%) in 1995 to 26.513 million tons (100%) in 2001. The average annual growth rate of sulfuric acid production between 1995 and 2002. It reached 8.11%. The production of sulfuric acid in China in recent years is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 China's sulfuric acid production in recent years Unit: 10,000 tons

Second, the consumption of sulfuric acid in China

The main consumption range of sulfuric acid in China is as follows:

Fertilizer: calcium, ammonium sulfate, heavy calcium, ammonium phosphate.

Chemicals: trichlorfon, dichlorvos, DDT, plexiglass, epoxy resin, ion exchange resin, nitrobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrotoluene, hydrochloric acid, hydroquinone , sodium hydrosulfite, titanium white powder, lithopone, dimethyl sulfate, phenol, synthetic alcohol, sodium dichromate, chromic acid anhydride, oxalic acid, formic acid, sodium cyanide, 2-naphthol, sebacic acid, synthetic cresol, caustic soda electrolysis, Aluminum sulfate, sulfonated medium, disodium phosphate.

Light industry: synthetic detergents, sodium tripolyphosphate, synthetic fatty acids, bicycles, leather, synthetic leather.

Textile: Vinylon, acrylic, printing and dyeing, knitting yarn.

Metallurgy: steel pickling, fluoride salt, electrolytic copper, electrolytic zinc, electrolytic nickel .

Petrochemicals: crude oil processing, petroleum catalysts, petroleum additives, caprolactam, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile.

Other industries mainly refer to the pharmaceutical industry and military industry.

China's sulfuric acid is mainly consumed in the fertilizer industry, especially in the phosphate fertilizer industry.

Table 2 Consumption composition of sulfuric acid in China Unit: 10,000 tons

China is a big agricultural country. With the development of agriculture and chemical industry, fertilizer production has grown rapidly. The consumption of sulfuric acid products will also increase. From 1995 to 2002, the analysis of China's sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid import and export, relying on the domestic production of sulfuric acid can not meet the domestic demand for sulfuric acid products, need to have a part of imports as a supplement, the number of supplements is increasing year by year. From 1995 to 2002, the net import volume of sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid increased from 46,100 tons/year to 1,832,400 tons/year. The net import volume increased year by year, with an average annual growth rate of 69.23%. The average annual growth rate is much higher than that. The average annual growth rate of production. Therefore, the demand gap for sulfuric acid products in China in the next few years will increase year by year. See Table 3 for the import and export of sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid in China from January to September of the period from 1995 to 2002.

Table 3 Import and export of sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid in China in recent years Unit: 10,000 tons

Third, development advice

In the development of China's sulfuric acid industry, the scale structure of sulfuric acid enterprises should be adjusted as soon as possible. Compared with sulfur-based acid, pyrite-based acid has certain disadvantages in terms of pyrite resources, grades, transportation costs and environmental protection. In recent years, driven by the low price of imported sulfur, China's sulfuric acid industry has developed rapidly. At present, the proportion of sulfuric acid in China accounts for about 30% of the sulfuric acid industry. Changed the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises with pyrite-based sulphuric acid as the main body, and developed sulphur-based sulphuric acid to selectively build sulphur-based sulphuric acid plants in coastal areas, making full use of low-priced imported sulphur raw materials to make China's sulphur-based sulphuric acid The production capacity accounts for about 45% of the sulfuric acid industry. At the same time, the production ratio of pyrite-based acid production is maintained, and the impact of the international sulfur market on China's sulfuric acid industry is avoided. Change small and medium-sized enterprises to large enterprises and give full play to the advantages of economies of scale. In order to meet the increasing demand for sulfuric acid in China, some new sulfuric acid production facilities have been planned, and the land selection and the phosphate fertilizer base are fully considered. The production scale should be 150,000 tons/year.

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