Military use of rare earth

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Why can the "Patriot" missiles shoot down the "Flying Legs" relatively easily? Why is it that although the direct distance between the main M1 and the Soviet T-72 tanks is not large, the former always fires earlier and is more accurate? Why can the F-22 fighter jet cruise at supersonic speed? ......

These "why" outline the tremendous progress of today's military science and technology, and at the same time outline the turmoil and conflicts of the world in the past 20 years. For each "why", there are specific and clear answers. However, from the perspective of materials science, “rare earth” can solve all of the above problems at once.

The development and application of rare earths has provided a powerful engine for military technology in recent decades.

In the Gulf War, those ridiculous military miracles, the US military's ability to control the asymmetry of the war process in the local war after the Cold War, in a certain sense, it is the rare earth that has made it all.

For this reason, the development and utilization of rare earths has also given birth to great dangers. On the one hand, more and more countries and military forces participate in rare earth competition and R&D in order to gain asymmetric control over their opponents, which fosters the risk of an arms race. On the other hand, countries that acquire this capability are more inclined. Resolve disputes by threat or war. In this regard, China, as the world's largest country in rare earth reserves, needs to cool down this arms race from the source, strictly limit rare earth mining, and immediately ban rare earth exports.

In fact, the Chinese government cannot pay much attention to the development of rare earths. As early as the 1950s, Premier Zhou Enlai listed rare earth development as China's first science and technology development plan. In 1975, China established the Rare Earth Leading Group. Even though the State Council has adjusted a lot, the specialized Rare Earth industry management agencies have been retained. In 1991, rare earths were listed as national protected minerals. From the perspective of the policy of rare earth protection, specialized institutions, stable industrial policies, and consistent overall control of the country, even PetroChina does not have such treatment. However, the results of the development of the rare earth industry for decades have basically remained at a low level of selling resources.

Regarding the status quo of rare earth production, the Ministry of Land and Resources has carried out numerous clean-up work since 1999. The problems addressed include indiscriminate mining, overcapacity, and disorder. The measures taken include total control, bombing of illegal mines, and confiscation. Production equipment, judicial intervention, licenses, signing responsibility with the grassroots government, and signing contracts with the mine... In 2005, the Ministry of Commerce began to control the export of rare earths with taxes. These measures are strong and last for a long time, almost reaching the power limit of the management department.

However, the chaos remains the same. Some people have summarized the mystery of China's rare earths: 1. The macro-control of industrial policy-oriented has always been difficult to work; 2. The policy of adjusting industrial structure and controlling total production has been defeated; 3. Sustainable development and mining Unable to implement; 4. Strengthening management measures based on unified planning is difficult to implement; 5. The desire to promote industrial upgrading through technological innovation is always a wish; 6. The countermeasures to achieve self-discipline in the industry through joint reorganization cannot be started; The goal of increasing the added value of products has not been achieved so far.

In such a chaos, China's rare earth recoverable reserves have fallen from 80% of the world more than a decade ago to 52% today. If we continue the existing production and operation model, perhaps 20 to 50 years later, China will become a small country of rare earths. If one day, China recognizes the value of rare earths and wants to buy from the world, then waiting for China will be a high price.

Rare earth

Make the weapon colder

Rare is related to world peace and national security of strategic metals. Why can the "Patriot" missiles easily destroy the Scud missiles? This is due to the excellent work of the former precision guidance system. Guidance system which used about 4 kg of samarium cobalt magnets and neodymium-iron-boron magnets for electron beam focusing, samarium, neodymium, rare earth element.

Why is the M1 tank able to find the first enemy? Because the tank is equipped with a yttrium- aluminum garnet laser rangefinder, it can reach a viewing distance of nearly 4,000 meters in a clear day, and the T-72 laser rangefinder can see 2000 meters is not bad. And at night, adding rare earth elements lanthanum night vision has become a nightmare for the Iraqi army.

As for the F-22 supersonic cruise function, thanks to its powerful engine and light and sturdy body, they all use a lot of special materials made by rare earth technology. The F119 vanes and combustor such as a flame retardant used titanium alloy, a titanium alloy that is said to be manufactured using rhenium; F-22 body and the more rare earth is reinforced magnesium alloy armed. Otherwise, in the supersonic cruise, the F119's powerful power is enough to destroy itself.

All of the above are just a glimpse of the leopard. In fact, almost none of the weapons known as high-tech have no rare earths; even more deadly, rare earths tend to focus on the most critical parts of these weapons. For example, the "Patriot" in addition to the guidance system, the key parts such as the body control wing surface are also made of rare earth alloy; some advanced tanks use rare earth materials for armor, the ballistic performance is better; and the United States who control the battlefield situation "clairvoyance", " The high-power traveling wave tube made of rare earth technology in the wind ear makes it work more reliably and has stronger anti-interference...

Simply put, the advantages of high-tech weapons are that they are more convenient, more sensitive, more accurate, and easier to manipulate than traditional weapons. These are easy to lift, but they focus on the many achievements of today's materials science, electronic science, and engineering. The achievement of these achievements is often due to the discovery and application of certain special functions of rare earths.

Rare earth is known as the industrial "vitamin". Because of its excellent physical properties such as light electromagnetics, it can form new materials with different properties and various kinds of materials. Its most remarkable function is to greatly improve the quality and performance of other products. . For example, the tactical performance of steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy used for manufacturing tanks, airplanes, and missiles is greatly improved. Moreover, rare earths are also high-tech lubricants such as electronics, lasers, nuclear industry, and superconductors. Once used in the military, rare earth technology will inevitably bring about a jump in military technology. In a certain sense, the US military’s overwhelming control in several local wars after the Cold War and the unscrupulous public killing of the enemy are due to the superhumanity in the field of rare earth technology.

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