At present, the energy Internet is driving the chain of energy industry changes. Through the Internet technology and thinking to transform the energy system, promote China's energy production, consumption and institutional changes, and promote China's energy transformation. The energy Internet will change the traditional “parallel flow” of electricity, heat, cold, and gas, and realize the coupling of production, transportation, storage, and consumption. This will enable different forms of energy to be transformed into each other in many links and realize multi-streaming. The coordinated operation of the network.

Energy Internet can achieve efficient transmission of energy and information, but the energy industry's value chain has not been fully opened, and many links, such as source, network, charge, storage, etc., have not yet been able to be deeply integrated. There are still extensive frictions in transactions between various links. . At the same time, with the rapid development of distributed power, energy storage, electric vehicles, and electro-transformation equipment in the energy Internet, there are many participants in the energy system. The boundaries between consumers and producers are increasingly blurred, and the identities of participants are increasingly diversified. Change.

Due to the large number of participants and the complexity of the system, as well as the ambiguity of identity, the diversity and distribution of resources, etc., the energy Internet transaction presents a diversity of subjects, diversification of products, decentralization of decision-making, transparency of information, and instantization of time. , management, marketization, hierarchical constraints and other characteristics.

Blockchain Technology: Helping Build New Energy Supply Systems

In order to adapt to the diversification, decentralization, and instantiation of transactions in the energy Internet system, and to make transactions more convenient and low-cost, one of the trends in the future energy Internet trading model will be flattening and "decentralization." At this time, blockchain technology featuring "decentralization" and trust mechanisms coincides with the Internet of Energy. Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin to solve the problem of credibility and security between Bitcoin accounts and accounts that individuals record in the Internet environment.

The blockchain is considered to be the fourth milestone in the history of human credit evolution, following blood, pro-credit, precious metal credit, and central bank currency credit. After the steam engine, electricity, information and internet technology, it has the potential to trigger a new subversive revolution. Core Technology.

The essence of blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database, which is mainly composed of a set of technologies such as secure hash algorithms, asymmetric encryption and other cryptographic principles and consensus mechanisms. In recent years, blockchain technology has gradually been used in the fields of finance, securities and energy.

It is understood that the data and networkization of blockchain information facilitates centralized transmission and processing, and enhances system processing capabilities; blockchain public and private key and other encryption technologies can prevent spurious transactions and record tampering, and facilitate the formation of self-disciplinarity of transaction subjects. System credit system; "decentralization" of blockchain can effectively improve transaction efficiency and reduce transaction costs; the main chain (shared chain) in blockchain connects various industry value chains in series to build a new type of energy ecosystem.

Focusing on the power generation end and the power consumption end, full play has been made of the characteristics of blockchain technology such as traceability and “decentralization”, and blockchains have shown strong potential for application in the energy sector:

On the one hand, blockchain technology serves the production and development of energy assets, because regardless of the securitization of energy assets, or the development of carbon assets for green energy, asset registration, traceability, and circulation can be achieved through blockchain technology. Can significantly increase efficiency, but also reduce transaction costs;

On the other hand, at the energy consumption end, the nearest transaction of charging and discharging of electric vehicles and distributed energy can also develop related applications through blockchain technology. In addition, the progress of exploration and application of blockchain technology in energy storage, demand-side response, and LNG is also optimistic.

The blockchain technology aims to interconnect a large number of new energy networks, such as distributed energy harvesting devices, distributed energy storage devices and various types of loads, such as new electricity networks, petroleum networks, and natural gas networks, and use the power system as a link to make use of the Internet. Thinking and technology to transform the energy industry to build a new type of energy supply and utilization system that is highly integrated in horizontal multi-complementation, vertical source, network, Dutch, and storage coordination and energy and information.

At present, research on "blockchain + energy" has begun at home and abroad, and preliminary results have been achieved. Blockchain technology is still in the proof of concept or early research stage. In April 2016, U.S. energy company LO3 cooperated with Siemens Digital Grid and Bitsen Co., Ltd. and Consensus Systems. Through the micro-net + blockchain project, smart meters were used to obtain real-time data such as electricity consumption and electricity consumption to achieve community residents. Peer-to-peer power trading, which is the world's first energy market based on blockchain technology.

In May 2016, the world’s first energy blockchain laboratory was established in Beijing, and at the end of 2016, the energy blockchain main chain Demo was launched, and at the same time, it was certified based on the energy blockchain main chain to verify carbon emission reductions (CCER). As the “carbon ticket” for digital assets of basic assets, the owners, regulators, exchanges, and carbon asset companies were set up as separate nodes. Through the sharing of books and smart contract technology, the entire process of carbon asset development was opened up, shortening project development time. 35~60%.

In October 2016, Energolabs, a start-up blockchain team in China, was established to establish an ecosystem called Energo that consists of a series of decentralized energy applications. Its core is a set of clean energy measurement, registration and management based on QTUM and Mirco-grid. , transaction and settlement decentralization systems. At present, Energolabs has started to promote and deploy the Energo network in Southeast Asia and Australia.

In May 2017, Wanxiang Blockchain Co., Ltd. was recruited to launch global projects, and Wanxiang Group will invest 200 billion yuan in the next 7 to 10 years to build a new energy vehicle and related manufacturing industry in the heart of Zhejiang Xiaoshan. The square kilometers of digital city - "Universal Innovation City", its blockchain application scenario includes the "shared economy" model in which the distributed energy system, resident ID and electric vehicle equipment ID are registered on the same book, and the tracking power battery And secondary recycling for energy storage batteries, smart manufacturing, machine-machine dialogue, smart home and smart community services.

In February 2018, the Shenzhen Shekou Investment Promotion Charitable Foundation joined forces with TUV Nord, New Energy Exchange, Panda Green Energy Group and Huawei to launch an energy blockchain project. This project applies blockchain technology to new energy fields. It is the first community charity project using blockchain technology in the world. The clean power generated by distributed power stations is put into the energy internet platform every day. When users choose clean energy, blockchain technology will generate smart contracts and directly pair point-to-point virtual transactions between power plants and users.

At present, the application of blockchain technology in the energy field is still in its infancy. It also faces various problems and obstacles that need to be resolved. The security threat is the most important issue that the blockchain has faced so far. Among them, the blockchain based on the PoW consensus process is mainly faced with a 51% attack problem. That is, a node can successfully tamper and falsify blockchain data by mastering more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network; blockchain asymmetric encryption Mechanisms will also become more and more vulnerable with the development of mathematics, cryptography and computing technology; there are also security risks in the privacy protection of blockchains.

Efficiency is also an important factor that restricts the application of blockchains. The blockchain requires each node in the system to keep a copy of data, which is extremely difficult for the growing mass data storage; the PoW consensus process is highly dependent on the blockchain network. The computational power contributed by the nodes, these computational powers are mainly used to solve the SHA256 hash and random number search. In addition, they do not produce any actual social value. Therefore, in general, it is considered that these computing resources are wasted while being There is also a lot of wasted power resources. How to efficiently aggregate the network nodes of distributed nodes to solve practical problems is an important issue that blockchain technology needs to solve.

In addition, the blockchain consensus process is essentially a crowdsourcing process. How to design a consensus mechanism that encourages compatibility so that self-interested nodes in a decentralized system can autonomously perform block data verification and accounting, and improve the system The cost of internal irrational behavior to suppress security attacks and threats is an important scientific issue to be solved in the blockchain.

The application of blockchain can promote the upgrade of the energy internet industry, while the energy internet can provide the market for blockchain and realize its technical value. Currently, blockchain technology has gradually been rooted in the energy industry, but its integration into applications will continue to be a gradual process. Therefore, in addition to breaking through its own security and scalability problems, blockchain technology still needs in-depth development of the energy system reform. It is expected that the road to “blockchain technology + energy” will be wider and wider, and will go further and further.

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