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The Ministry of Agriculture has vigorously promoted the food reform and is well received by farmers and herdsmen everywhere.
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] In the oat planting base of Bahan Village, Wuyuan County, Xining City, Qinghai Province, several large machinery are working. The oat grass bales that have been packaged in silage are scattered in the field and are spectacular from afar. Because of the high nutritional value of the oat grass after silage, the locals gave the bales the image name – canned grass. In 2015, Wuyuan County was included in the pilot counties for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry by the Ministry of Agriculture. After two years of development, the forage planting area in Wuyuan County is stable at 200,000 mu, which is more than 2/3 of the total area of ​​cultivated land, and the annual output of fresh grass reaches 600,000 tons.
Speaking of the benefits of grain-changing, Yan Zhuo-cai, director of the Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Wuyuan County, said frankly: "For farmers, planting one mu of pasture can increase income by three to four hundred yuan. For farms, every kilogram of silage can be added. Reduce the feed of 1 kg of concentrate, so that the cow can save more than 2,600 yuan per year, save more than 600 yuan in beef fattening period, and save more than 80 yuan in meat sheep." The simple changes of several figures actually reflect the adjustment and optimization of the planting structure. In turn, the transformation of production methods will be promoted. The new road of ecological animal husbandry, which is “grass-grazing and animal husbandry, complementing agriculture and animal husbandry, grass-and-animal linkage, recycling development, and increasing farmers' income†has become clear.
The success of grain-feeding in Wuyuan County is only a microcosm of the effectiveness of the Ministry of Agriculture in promoting grain-feeding. On August 31, at the on-site meeting on the innovation and promotion of grain-feeding technology organized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Ma Youxiang, director of the Animal Husbandry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that from the pilot situation in the past two years, the grain-feeding policy complied with farming and animal husbandry. The new situation of industrial development has effectively promoted the adjustment of crop production structure and the efficiency of animal husbandry, and achieved a win-win situation for seedlings, which has produced significant ecological, economic and social benefits, and is well received by local farmers and herdsmen.
The Ministry of Agriculture has vigorously promoted grain-to-feeding and has been welcomed by farmers and herdsmen everywhere.
Promote grain feeding and boost the supply side
The grain-feeding policy has been written into the Central No. 1 document for three consecutive years, and this year it has been included in the “Government Work Reportâ€, which is one of the 36 key tasks that need to be quantified. The grain-feeding reform started from 2015. In 2016, the pilot scope was further expanded. This year, the task increased and the funds doubled. The central government subsidy fund reached 2 billion yuan, and the pilot counties expanded to 431, with a pilot area of ​​over 11 million mu. Grain-to-feeding is not only a technical issue, but more importantly, it is a global and strategic issue related to national food security, income increase of farmers and herdsmen, and structural reform of agricultural supply side. Grain-feeding has become the current “three rural†A big policy that moves all over the body.
Ma Youxiang said that it can be said that this is a key trick of "one child falling, full of life". Accelerating the reform of grain and feeding is an urgent need to promote grain destocking and solve the problem of “three increases in cornâ€. It is an important part of promoting agricultural restructuring, improving the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture and animal husbandry, and promoting grassland animal husbandry. The realistic choice of reducing costs and supplementing shortcomings is an important way to promote the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry, breeding and integration, and the integration and development of the first, second and third industries. It is an important measure for the adjustment of the relationship between agriculture and animal husbandry and the major changes in production relations.
From 2007 to 2015, China's corn planting area increased from 490 million mu to 570 million mu; production increased from 152 million tons to 225 million tons, and the grain warehouses in various places appeared to be “incapable of accepting, adjusting, not selling, and storing Nothing is wrong. Huge food stocks have caused financial overwhelming on the one hand and enormous waste of food on the other. The implementation of grain-to-feeding is to reduce the area of ​​grain corn planted in non-advantageous areas such as “sickle bendâ€, thereby reducing the total corn production and promoting corn destocking.
The corn planting area is too large. On the one hand, the grain corn is used up, and on the other hand, the forage material is squeezed, which leads to a shortage of forage materials in China. In recent years, the annual import volume is about 1.5 million tons. The implementation of grain-to-feeding is to reduce the area of ​​corn produced in production, and to produce forage materials that are urgently needed in the production market, to raise and grow seeds, to raise nutrients, to increase effective supply, and to supplement the short-board of grassland and animal husbandry in China. Reduce the production cost of agriculture and animal husbandry and improve the development quality of herbivorous animal husbandry.
Grain-to-feeding requirements require nutrient-fixing, centralized contiguous planting, mechanized storage and intensive management, which is conducive to promoting land transfer and stimulating the development of new agricultural management entities. Wuyuan County of Qinghai Province made full use of abandoned farmland and abandoned land, transferred 170,000 mu of land, and established 48 continuous forage grass bases. The silage professional cooperatives in Biyang County of Henan Province have grown to 12, becoming the county's grain-feeding project. The main force of implementation. In 2016, there were 1,904 specialized production and service organizations for grain and feed reform in 17 pilot provinces and autonomous regions.
Exploring the applicable mode according to local conditions
The grain-to-feeding pilot has spanned the “sickle bend†and the 17 provinces (districts) of Huanghuaihai. The pilot provinces have many provinces and large regional spans. It is necessary to adapt to local conditions and explore appropriate development models.
In the implementation of the grain-to-feeding pilot program in Gansu Province, based on its own characteristics, it has always adhered to the combination of breeding and breeding, and highlighted integrated operations. Guide the business entities such as leading enterprises, large-scale farms, forage storage enterprises, and large-scale breeding households, and adopt various methods such as transfer of land, order planting and contract acquisition to establish “enterprise + cooperatives + farmers†and other methods of planting, The harvesting, breeding, processing, and sales links have been linked to promote the establishment of a farming and integration business model.
Ma Youxiang said that the integration of planting and breeding is a typical model for promoting food reforming. From a regional perspective, this model is suitable for large areas such as northeast and northwest arable land, large cattle and sheep breeding, and high level of aquaculture enterprises. The region, Liaoning, Xinjiang and other pilot provinces exceeded 60%. The organic combination of grass and livestock, the mutual promotion of the industry, not only reduces the cost of breeding, but also ensures the balanced supply of forage material all the year round, and promotes the quality and efficiency of planting and breeding. At present, the proportion of integrated farming and planting operations in pilot provinces has reached 30%.
At present, pilot provinces such as Shanxi, Jilin, Guangxi, and Ningxia are actively promoting cooperation models such as “aquaculture enterprises + planting cooperativesâ€, “aquaculture enterprises + cooperatives + farmersâ€. Through order production and order acquisition, a mutually beneficial interest linkage mechanism has been constructed. The Sifang Hi-Tech Dairy Farm in the southern suburbs of Shanxi Province signed orders with farmers in the surrounding counties to develop more than 21,000 mu of forage planting bases, and farmers increased their income by 300 yuan per mu. At the same time, dairy companies also increased production and efficiency. The average milk production reached 9 tons, higher than the national average.
Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other provinces and regions have fully played the role of policy incentives and guidance for food reform, focusing on the key links of planting, harvesting and storage, and vigorously cultivating specialized, social service organizations and farmers' economic cooperation organizations. Give full play to the advantages of specialization, standardization and mechanization of enterprises or cooperatives, and adopt various forms such as land transfer and peasant land shareholding to carry out one-stop service of planting, purchasing, processing, storage, transportation and sales of forage materials such as silage corn.
Guizhou, Yunnan and other pilot provinces encourage aquaculture enterprises to sign assistance agreements with poor farmers, encourage peasant farmers to plant whole plant silage corn and other forage materials, ensure that forages planted by poor households are sold, and interests are guaranteed, driving poor farmers to stabilize Increase income and get rid of poverty. The 56 poor households in the pilot area of ​​Yunnan's grain-to-feeding trials sold an average of more than 5,000 yuan per household through sales of silage corn last year, an increase of 2,660 yuan. Grain-returning has become an important channel for poverty alleviation and industrial poverty alleviation.
Identify problems and plan for greater development
Grain-to-feeding is a brand-new work with a weak foundation. There are still some difficulties and problems in the implementation process. For example, some provinces are not closely integrated with grass and livestock, and the structure of planting industry is adjusted, planted for species, and there are still species. "Two skins" phenomenon; large silage operation machinery can not meet the demand, affecting the progress of storage and forage quality; corn silage technology promotion and service is insufficient; there are not many special silage corn varieties available; silage corn storage and storage enterprises are difficult to finance The problem of difficult loans still exists.
Ma Youxiang said bluntly: "These issues must be highly valued, and the causes of the problems should be thoroughly explored and researched and resolved in a timely manner. We must conscientiously solve them through scientific and technological progress, policy optimization and institutional innovation, and conscientiously consolidate and expand the results of grain-feeding."
Yang Zhenhai, director of the National Animal Husbandry Station, said that animal husbandry technology promotion agencies at all levels should strengthen technical research and development, strengthen technical training and promotion, strengthen pilot training and demonstration, and explore the formation of distinctive features around key links of planting, management, storage, storage and use. Technical routes and organization methods provide strong support for grain-feeding work. From the technical level, it is necessary to support the encouragement of agricultural technicians to enter the village, guide the agricultural machinery to debug the maintenance work tools, and guide the silage production on the spot. How long the whole plant silage is cut, how to crush it, how to seal it, and how to handle it, find out Suitable for local technology. At the same time, we must pay attention to promoting the scientific and technological innovation of seed industry. According to the needs of corn structure adjustment, we will speed up the cultivation of special varieties of silage, cultivate high-yield miscellaneous grains, forages and other varieties that are alternatively planted, and provide more source options for grain-feeding.
In view of the shortage of forage planting, harvesting and processing machinery in the pilot counties, the lack of silage facilities and the shortage of funds, Qinghai Province boldly explored and cooperated with the local Postal Savings Bank to establish a “credit pool†and invested financial funds to mobilize loans for feeding. Grass silage-related machinery and equipment purchase interest subsidies and silage facilities construction subsidies; adopting the "level-level people's government guarantee, enterprise borrowing turnover, returning funds before subsidies are issued", support the silage forage leading enterprises turnover funds for the purchase of forage processing machinery and Construction of silage facilities.
To this end, experts suggest that the Ministry of Agriculture should strengthen coordination with financial institutions at the national level, directly adopt central financial regulation, promote cooperation between the government and banks, increase the credit line for the participants in the grain-feeding, and lower the threshold for loans. Mobilize social participation and enthusiasm. At the same time, increase the amount of subsidies for food reform and feed, set up special technical support funds for grain reform and feeding, and encourage localities to carry out research on series of techniques such as forage planting and silage suitable for local planting and local livestock breeding according to local natural conditions.